Then I read this post, which. Melancholyaeon July 18, 2013 On Becoming Superhuman: Fasting for Fast Weight Loss, Better Health, and Supreme Fitness. 3 months ago, I stumbled across a fascinating article on something crazy. For those who want to understand why, keep reading (hopefully this is still everyone). This topic is — surprise, surprise — very nuanced, and almost always bastardized when oversimplified, which I’m about to do, though hopefully less than most. In part III (and possibly a part IV) of that series, I’ll go more into the actions of ketones and why you may or may not want to consider putting yourself into a state where your liver makes them. There seems to be great confusion around . But, before I try to dispel any of the confusion, we need to go through a little primer on what I like to call “fat flux.”One point before diving in, please do not assume because I’m writing this post that I think adiposity (the technical term for relative amount of fat in the body) is the most important thing to worry about. While there is a correlation between high adiposity (excessive fat) and metabolic dysfunction, that correlation is far from perfect, and, as I’ve discussed elsewhere, I think the arrow of causation goes from metabolic dysfunction to adiposity, not the reverse. In other words, the number of adipocytes (fat cells) we have as an adult does not change nearly as much as their size and fat content. Fat flux 1. 01. According to “An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,” the word flux comes from the Latin word fluxus and fluere, which mean “flow” and “to flow,” respectively. While the term has a clear mathematical meaning in physics, defined by a dot product I promise I won’t speak of, you can think of flux as the net throughput which takes into account positive and negative accumulation. If we start with a bucket of water and put a hole in the bottom, the result, needless to say, is an efflux of water, or negative water flux. Since TAG are too big to bring across cell membranes, they need to be “hydrolyzed” first into free fatty acids, then re- assembled (re- esterified) back into TAG. Translocates GLUT4 transporters to the plasma membrane from endosomes within the cell. Research shows that taking some black cohosh products can reduce some symptoms of menopause. However, the benefits are only modest. My thoughts on nutrition have been an ongoing effort in balancing a desire for maximum human. Discussion and Talk about Mirena IUD and weight gain. I have previously hinted that intermittent fasting sidesteps the issues associated with stubborn body fat. Indeed I rarely find any need for advanced strategies to. Find patient medical information for FENUGREEK on WebMD including its uses, effectiveness, side effects and safety, interactions, user ratings and products that have it. Once bound to albumin the free fatty acids are free to travel elsewhere in the body for use (e. ATP). Though not shown in this figure, insulin appears to indirectly act on malonyl- Co. A, a potent inhibitor of CPT I, one of the most important mitochondrial enzymes that facilitates the oxidation of fatty acids. High levels of insulin promote fat storage and inhibit fat oxidation, and low levels of insulin promote fat mobilization or release along with fat oxidation. If this sounds crazy – the notion that insulin plays such a crucial role in fat tissue — consider the following two clinical extremes: type 1 diabetes (T1. D) and insulinoma. In the former, the immune system destroys beta- cells (the pancreatic cells that make insulin) – this is an extreme case of low insulin. They literally lost all fat and muscle. I’ve tried to size the arrows accordingly to match their relative contributions of each input and output. The first figure, below, shows a state of fat balance, or zero net fat flux. Input #1: De novo lipogenesis, or “DNL” – Until the early 1. It was about 5%, hence the tiny red arrow under a state of fat balance (i. A very important point to be mindful of, however, is this: this represents an average throughout the body and does not differentiate specifically between, say, DNL in the liver and DNL in the periphery (i. This limitation is not trivial, but rather than focus on the very specific details of this paper, I’d rather use it as a framework for this discussion. The 1. 99. 5 paper also examined what happened to DNL during periods of over- and under- feeding CHO and fat.)(*) Marc is on the Scientific Advisory Board for Nu. SI, so perhaps I’m biased in my admiration of him and his work. Input #2: Re- esterification, or “RE” – In a state of fat balance, RE is largely composed of dietary fat sources that are not immediately used, but rather stored for later use. For the purpose of simplicity, this diagram does not show some portion of the L fraction returning to the RE fraction, though this is exactly what is happening in . This study, published in 1. Journal of Lipid Research, suggested that the RE process is a bit more complicated than simply re- assembling fatty acids on a glycerol backbone inside an adipocyte. For example, someone like me who is in fat balance (i. I’m neither gaining nor losing fat mass at this point), has virtually zero DNL, but quite high RE, especially after meals. This is where one actually gets the energy (ATP) from fatty acids. The same hormones and enzymes that promote L, directly or indirectly act on other intermediaries that promote oxidation, more or less. The converse is also largely true. Brief digression: I’m always troubled by folks who have never tried to take care of someone who is struggling to lose weight (fat), and who themselves have never been overweight, but who insist obesity is . This is probably the most rapid state of negative fat flux a human can experience. So what we do about it? I do not believe there is only one state, shy of total starvation, which will assuredly put you in state of negative fat flux. Yup, this is probably (though not necessarily) going to work, depending on how “profound” is defined. This is where the discussion gets really interesting. The rationale, of course, is provided by the first figure above (from the textbook) and a slew of clinical studies which I will not review here (see Gardner JAMA 2. Ludwig JAMA 2. 01. Shai NEJM 2. 00. 8 to name a few). But, the bigger question is why? Why do most (but not all, by the way) people with excess fat to spare who are on well- formulated carbohydrate- reduced diet lose fat? Or, do they eat less because they are losing weight? They are not giving up fat from their fat cells because they are eating less. If you can’t wait, which I can understand, I highly encourage you to start scouring the literature for Mark’s work. What?, you say, doesn’t this violate the First Law of Thermodynamics? What differentiates those in this camp (I was in this camp) from those above (point #1), is unclear to me. I’m not stating the obvious – that the deliberate EE is higher – that is clearly true. I’m suggesting resting EE is for some reason more likely to rise in this setting. It is also possible that this increase in free/available energy results in an increase in deliberate EE (i. They could be partly or mostly responsible for this. The literature is quite dilute with respect to this question, but in my experience (feel free to dismiss), it is not uncommon to see a reduction in cortisol and an increase in testosterone (I experienced about 5. Today, however, I don’t consume this much, closer to 3,8. I have always found the term “metabolic advantage” to be misleading, though I’m guilty of using it periodically. The question is not, does it exist? The questions are, why does it only exist in some people, what relevance does it have to fat loss – is it cause or effect? In my experience (and Gardner’s A TO Z trial seems to validate this, at least in pre- menopausal women), about 2. RQ environment. Using the Ornish diet as the example from this paper, I suspect the reason is multifactorial. It restricts sugar, flour, and processed carbohydrates. So, I don’t really know how likely it is to lose weight on a eucaloric diet that is 6. CHO and 2. 0% fat, if the quality of the carbohydrates is very poor (e. It’s quite possible, of course, since ketosis results in a large L and implies a very small DNL. Fat flux is net positive. Still in ketosis, by the way (quantified loosely by fasting levels of B- OHB greater than about 0. M), but not losing fat. That’s the problem with multivariate algebra (and physiology). Many people who enter nutritional ketosis do so, I worry, because they believe it “guarantees” fat loss. I hope I have convinced you that this is not true. It comes with some advantages and some disadvantages, just like other eating strategies. The Dreaded Detox. If you're new here, check out our meal plan, our fitness plan, and our ebooks to help you get started with Paleo. Thanks for visiting! So you’ve signed onto our Paleo meal plan and you’re 5 days into it.? You took out a lot of toxins from your diet, in the form of phytic acid and lectins in grains and legumes, preservatives and other additives, refined flours and sweeteners, and dairy (which is more toxic to some than others). This purging is exactly what causes the symptoms you may be experiencing right now . It’s like when you do a good deep cleaning of your house . In the first 3 days to 3 weeks, you may (or may not) experience: Headaches. Fatigue. Dizziness Irritability. Mood swings Nausea. Intense cravings Sinus drainage. Diarrhea/Constipation. Flu- like symptoms. Brain fog Increased urination. Increased appetite. Increased thirst. When I first went Paleo, I remember having to pee about 2. I was walking through oatmeal for the first 3weeks. Maybe warn your significant other that you might not be the sweetest, most docile partner for a few days. This entry was posted in Paleo Tips and Tricks and tagged brain fog, Detoxification, fatigue, headache, symptoms. Share it. Sign up for our Newsletter. Keep up to date with Paleo Plan news, recipes, and blog posts. What causes Insomnia, Insomnia in various forms, best treatment for Insomnia. If you are reading this at 2: 3. AM, you may have insomnia. Insomnia is the inability to get the amount of sleep you need (trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, waking too early, or some combination of these) plus feeling terrible the next day (sleepy, tired, irritable). There is less deep, restorative sleep that normally occurs soon after you nod off. That's usually why older people may compensate with daytime naps. Getting up often to go to the bathroom, discomfort, pain, difficult breathing, emotional stress, and other consequences of illness or disease are common sleep disruptors. Eating well, exercising regularly, staying interested and involved in life- many actions can help. Drugs: Some cases of every sleep disorder . Hormones, such as thyroid drugs (like Synthroid), oral contraceptives, progesterone, or cortisone. Phenytoin (Dilantin), Levadopa, Quinidine (antimalarial). Hormonal imbalance: High levels of thyroid hormone can cause anxiety, restlessness, hyperarousal, and difficulty sleeping. Nocturnal hypoglycemia: A drop in the blood glucose level causes the release of adrenaline, glucagons, cortisol and growth hormone- all of which can stimulate the brain. Caffeine from coffee, colas, and teas, especially in the evening, can be too stimulating Alcohol consumption: Alcohol may help you fall asleep, but the sleep will be fragmented and unsettled. Allergies or intolerances to certain foods, chemicals, and toxins can affect quality and quantity of sleep. Persistent stress is the most common cause of chronic insomnia. Keeping erratic hours, rotating shift work, jet lag, and the like: Anything that disrupts your natural biological clock (circadian rhythm) can disturb your sleep pattern. Other environmental factors like noise. Millions of prescriptions are filled each year for sleeping pills such as Ambien, Sonata, Restoril, Lunesta, and the like. The list is extensive, but may include headaches, anxiety, daytime sleepiness or dizziness, gastrointestinal distress, abnormal thinking, behavior changes, falls, ataxia (inability to coordinate muscles), memory loss, and addiction (which manufacturers prefer to call . Don't lie in bed awake. Control your environment. Behavior interventions. Other professional interventions. Amino acids (the building blocks of protein) may be depleted due to poor quality foods or various physical or psychological stressors. Reishi mushroom tones the adrenals and calms the mind. John's wort, when used for several months, can help some types of chronic insomnia, particularly when there is depression. For folks who can get them, peanut leaves or peanut shoots (as teas) have been used for hundreds of years for their sedative, sleep- inducing effect. This website has excellent nutritional protocols for Insomnia which are available in conjunction with the Symptom Survey. Jean D Wilson & Daniel W Foster, Philadelphia(WB Saunders Co), 1. Originally published as an issue of Nutrition News and Views, reproduced with permission by the author, Judith A. FENUGREEK: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings. References: Devasena, T. Fenugreek seeds modulate 1,2- dimethylhydrazine- induced hepatic oxidative stress during colon carcinogenesis. A preliminary pilot survey on head lice, pediculosis in Sharkia Governorate and treatment of lice with natural plant extracts. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. The use of galactogogues in the breastfeeding mother. Haddad PS, Depot M, Settaf A, and et al. Comparative study on the medicinal plants most recommended by traditional practitioners in Morocco and Canada. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants (J HERBS SPICES MEDICINAL PLANT) 2. Handa, T., Yamaguchi, K., Sono, Y., and Yazawa, K. Effects of fenugreek seed extract in obese mice fed a high- fat diet. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. Hasani- Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Curr. Pharm. Des 2. Hibasami, H., Moteki, H., Ishikawa, K., Katsuzaki, H., Imai, K., Yoshioka, K., Ishii, Y., and Komiya, T. Protodioscin isolated from fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) induces cell death and morphological change indicative of apoptosis in leukemic cell line H- 6. KATO III. Int J Mol. Med 2. 00. 3; 1. 1(1): 2. Fenugreek: one remedy for low milk production. Ikeuchi, M., Yamaguchi, K., Koyama, T., Sono, Y., and Yazawa, K. Effects of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum greaecum) extract on endurance capacity in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2. Effect of supplementation of traditional medicinal plants on blood glucose in non- insulin- dependent diabetics: a pilot study. J Med Food 2. 00. Kuppu RK, Srivastava A, Krishnaswami CV, and et al. Hypoglycaemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of 'methica churna' (Fenugreek). Antiseptic 1. 99. Lakshminarayana, R., Aruna, G., Sangeetha, R. K., Bhaskar, N., Divakar, S., and Baskaran, V. Possible degradation/biotransformation of lutein in vitro and in vivo: isolation and structural elucidation of lutein metabolites by HPLC and LC- MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization). Free Radic. Biol. Med 1. 0- 1- 2. 00. C., Yu, Y., and Greenway, F. Fenugreek bread: a treatment for diabetes mellitus. J Med Food 2. 00. The use of botanicals during pregnancy and lactation. Altern. Ther. Health Med. R., Shen, L., Qin, Y., Gao, L., Li, H., and Dai, Y. Clinical observation on trigonella foenum- graecum L. Chin J Integr. Med 2. Effect of extracted fenugreek on post- prandial glucose levels in human diabetic subjects. Nutr Res 1. 98. 9; 9: 6. Fenugreek and insulin resistance. J Assoc. Physicians India 2. Murakami, T., Kishi, A., Matsuda, H., and Yoshikawa, M. Chem Pharm. Bull (Tokyo) 2. Muralidhara, Narasimhamurthy, K., Viswanatha, S., and Ramesh, B. Acute and subchronic toxicity assessment of debitterized fenugreek powder in the mouse and rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1. Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Can Fam. Physician 2. Neeraja A and Pajyalakshmi P. Hypoglycemic effect of processed fenugreek seeds in humans. J Food Sci Technol 1. O'Mahony, R., Al Khtheeri, H., Weerasekera, D., Fernando, N., Vaira, D., Holton, J., and Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti- adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol. Food Cosmet Toxicol 1. Suppl 1): 7. 55- 7. Parildar, H., Serter, R., and Yesilada, E. Diabetes mellitus and phytotherapy in Turkey. Parvizpur, A., Ahmadiani, A., and Kamalinejad, M. Probable role of spinal purinoceptors in the analgesic effect of Trigonella foenum (TFG) leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol 3- 8- 2. Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek: a clinical study. Indian J Pharmacol 2. Raghuram TC, Sharma RD, Sivakumar B, and et al. Effect of fenugreek seeds on intravenous glucose disposition in non- insulin dependent diabetic patients. Phytotherapy Research 1. Rai, A., Mohapatra, S. Correlates between vegetable consumption and gallbladder cancer. E., Slivka, D., and Harger, S. The addition of fenugreek extract (Trigonella foenum- graecum) to glucose feeding increases muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise. Amino. Acids 2. 00. Sharma RD and Raghuram TC. Hypoglycaemic effect of fenugreek seeds in non- insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Nutr Res 1. 99. 0; 1. Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, and Dayasagar Rao V. Hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds. Phytother Res 1. 99. Sharma RD, Sarkar A, Hazra DK, and et al. Toxicological evaluation of fenugreek seeds: a long term feeding experiment in diabetic patients. Phytother Res 1. 99. Sharma RD, Sarkar A, Hazra DK, and et al. Use of fenugreek seed powder in the management of non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Nutrit Res 1. 99. Sharma RD, Sarkar DK, Hazra B, and et al. Hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds: a chronic study in non- insulin dependent diabetic patients. Phytother Res 1. 99. Effect of fenugreek seeds and leaves on blood glucose and serum insulin responses in human subjects. Nutr Res 1. 98. 6; 6: 1. An evaluation of hypocholesterolemic factor of fenugreek seeds (T foenum graecum) in rats. Nutrit Rep Internat 1. G., Hardy, M., Morton, S. C., Coulter, I., Venuturupalli, S., Favreau, J., and Hilton, L. Are Ayurvedic herbs for diabetes effective? Shojaii, A., Dabaghian, F. H., Goushegir, A., and Fard, M. Antidiabetic plants of Iran. Acta Med. Iran 2. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi V, and et al. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of fenugreek seeds and triphala as adjuncts to dietary therapy in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Perfusion 1. 99. 8; 1. Slivka, D., Cuddy, J., Hailes, W., Harger, S., and Ruby, B. Glycogen resynthesis and exercise performance with the addition of fenugreek extract (4- hydroxyisoleucine) to post- exercise carbohydrate feeding. Amino. Acids 2. 00. Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: spices as beneficial antidiabetic food adjuncts. Effect of fenugreek on breast milk production. Thirunavukkarasu V and Anuradha CV. Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants (J HERBS SPICES MEDICINAL PLANT) 2. Herbs for serum cholesterol reduction: a systematic view. Is dietary fiber beneficial in chronic ischemic heart disease? J Assoc. Physicians India 2. V., Pandey, V., Mishra, G. Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek seeds is mediated through inhibition of fat accumulation and upregulation of LDL receptor. Obesity.(Silver. Spring) 2. K., Akhtar, N., Ahmad, M., Murtaza, G., Khan, H. M., Iqbal, M., Rasul, A., and Bhatti, N. Formulation and characterization of a cream containing extract of fenugreek seeds. Wilborn C, Bushey B, Poole C, and et al. Effects of Torabolic supplementation on strength and body composition during an 8- week resistance training program. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2. Woodgate DE and Conquer JA. Effects of a stimulant- free dietary supplement on body weight and fat loss in obese adults: a six- week exploratory study. Current Therapeutic Research (CURR THER RES) 2. Anti- diabetic effect of trigonelline and nicotinic acid, on KK- A(y) mice. Curr Med Chem 2. 01. Zapantis, A., Steinberg, J. Use of herbals as galactagogues. A., Sindico, P., Orchi, C., Carducci, C., Cardiello, V., and Romagnoli, C. Safety and efficacy of galactogogues: substances that induce, maintain and increase breast milk production. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2. View abstract. Abdo MS, al- Kafawi AA. Planta Med 1. 96. View abstract. Ahsan SK, Tariq M, Ageel AM, et al. Effect of Trigonella foenum- graecum and Ammi majus on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1. View abstract. Al- Jenoobi FI, Ahad A, Mahrous GM, Al- Mohizea AM, Al. Kharfy KM, Al- Suwayeh SA. Effects of fenugreek, garden cress, and black seed on theophylline pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Pharm Biol 2. 01. View abstract. Al- khalisy MHH. Treatment of Men Infertility using Low doses of Fenugreek Oil Extract. Advances Life Sci Technol 2. Bartley GB, Hilty MD, Andreson BD, et al. N Engl J Med 1. 98. View abstract. Bawadi HA, Maghaydah SN, Tayyem RF, Tayyem RF. The postprandial hypoglycemic activity of fenugreek seed and seeds extract in type 2 diabetics: A pilot study. Pharmacognosy Mag 2. Bhardwaj PK, Dasgupta DJ, Prashar BS, Kaushal SS. J Assoc Physicians India 1. View abstract. Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1. View abstract. Broca C, Manteghetti M, Gross R, et al. Hydroxyisoleucine: effects of synthetic and natural analogues on insulin secretion. Eur J Pharmacol 2. View abstract. Chevassus H, Gaillard JB, Farret A, et al. A fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat intake in overweight subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2. View abstract. Chevassus H, Molinier N, Costa F, et al. A fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat consumption in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2. View abstract. Di. Silvestro RA, Verbruggen MA, Offutt EJ. Anti- heartburn effects of a fenugreek fiber product. Phytother Res 2. 01. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Part 1. 82 - - Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: http: //ecfr. Faeste CK, Namork E, Lindvik H. Allergenicity and antigenicity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) proteins in foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2. View abstract. Flammang AM, Cifone MA, Erexson GL, Stankowski LF Jr. Food Chem Toxicol 2. View abstract. Gabay MP. J Hum Lact 2. 00. View abstract. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. J Assoc Physicians India 2. View abstract. Hannan JM, Rokeya B, Faruque O, et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2. View abstract. Hassanzadeh Bashtian M, Emami SA, Mousavifar N, Esmaily HA, Mahmoudi M, Mohammad Poor AH. Evaluation of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graceum L.), Effects Seeds Extract on Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Iran J Pharm Res 2.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
October 2017
Categories |